The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and microbiological efficiency of Fluoride, Xylitol and combined Fluoride - Xylitol toothpastes on some salivary parameters in children by measuring salivary pH, salivary flow rate, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus counts. Toothpastes were prepared by mortar and pestle technique. They were then evaluated for physicochemical properties like pH, cleanability, physical appearance, spreadability, abrasiveness, foaming power, homogeneity, content of moisture and volatile substances, and drug content. Twenty one normal apparently healthy children were selected from the Outpatient Dental Clinic of Pedodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University. Children were randomly divided into three groups: children who brushed their teeth with fluoride toothpaste, children who brushed their teeth with xylitol toothpaste and children who brushed their teeth with combined fluoride xylitol toothpaste. Salivary samples were obtained from all groups and examined for salivary parameter changes (flow rate, pH) and microbiological assessment for (S. mutans and Lactobacilli) was done. All data were collected, tabled and statistically analyzed. Statistical significance was measured using p < /em> value. Xylitol was superior in increasing salivary flow rate and decreasing mean of S. mutans when compared to fluoride while Fluoride was superior in decreasing mean of Lactobacilli when compared to xylitol. Both had the same effect on increasing salivary pH.