Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is kidney impairment signified by a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 for 3 months or more. CKD can eventually lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD); representing the last stage of CKD when renal replacement therapy (RRT) becomes necessary. The prevalence of CKD and ESRD is increasing continuously due to the dramatic growth in the prevalence of two main causes of ESRD; diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension, hence, ESRD represents a global concern. There are three modalities of RRT available for ESRD patients: transplantation, hemodialysis (HD), and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although transplantation is the best treatment as it improves patients' quality of life and reduces expenses, HD represents the main modality of RRT for ESRD patients. As HD patients suffer many medical conditions, they are managed by different prescribers, an average HD patient is on 10-12 different medications per day, leading to higher exposure to drug-related problems (DRPs). Many studies worldwide estimated the rate of DRPs in HD patients to be high, studies identifying the rate and types of DRPs are to be found in the literature, but there is a scarcity of such studies regarding the Egyptian HD population.