A geophysical investigation and geotechnical technics were carried out at Quattamiya - Sokhna highway, passing through the study area to evaluate the effectiveness of electrical resistivity imaging for assisting in site characterization. The prevailed subsurface structures such as shale layer, clayey soil, fractures, faults, voids, cavities, and other features are affecting the Eocene limestone bedrock of the study area. The aim was to determine which method or methods could be best used to discover surface or subsurface geotechnical problems.Investigate the future of pavement research directions for applying engineering geophysical technologies and possible challenges that may face pavement engineers. Results showed that the integration between the geophysical method and geotechnical indicates the way to map subsurface geology and its characteristics quickly and inexpensively (e.g., air - filled cavities, voids, sinkholes, cracks, and fractures) which can cause damage to Cairo - Sukhna highway in the study area. From the previous discussion there are several geotechnical hazards in the study area including, shale layer (very high expansive) must be removed and replaced by a pure sand, clayey soil can be improved it properties and change it is classification by adding pure sand and gravel and water saturation and water saturation area after removing shale must be create water drainage system to remove the free water which will destroy the pavement section in the future.