Background& Aim: Effective postoperative analgesia is important from the patient's perspective and can also improve clinical outcomes. This study aimed to compare the effect of caudal bupivacaine plus fentanyl versus caudal bupivacaine plus dexmedetomidine on the recovery of anesthesia, postoperative analgesia required, hemodynamic stability& neurological complications in pediatric unilateral hernia repair patients. Patients & Methods: 50 (ASA) grade I patients, aged 2-4 years with uncomplicated unilateral inguinal hernias treated as day cases were randomly allocated into either; Group I (BF), received Bupivacaine 0.25 % 1 ml\ kg, and fentanyl 1 μg\ kg, or Group 2 (BD), received Bupivacaine 0.25 % 1 ml\ kg, and dexmedetomidine 1 μg\ kg. Patients were evaluated in terms of pain and sedation using FLACC scale and Ramsay Sedation Scale, respectively. Haemodynamic stability and Neurological complications were assessed during the postoperative period and one day postoperatively.