Mycoplasma infection of the female genital tract represents one of the important mysterious causes of unexplained infertility. It may attack the cervical mucosa leading to different forms of cervicitis with a potential ascending infection affecting the endometrium and the fallopian tubes. In this study, cervical swabs and peritoneal aspirate were taken from 25 infertile cases as well as equal number of controls. Mycoplasma infection was statistically higher in cases group. U. urealyticum was more prominent than M. hominis among Mycoplasma isolates. Cervical swabs showed efficiency in non-invasive screening for Mycoplasma. All Mycoplasma isolates were most sensitive to doxycellin. DESIGN: A controlled descriptive study.