Nocturnal enuresis is an important pediatric problem as it may affect the parent-child relationship. The aim of the present work was to study the etiological and precipitating factors of nocturnal enuresis, to determine if nocturnal enuresis is accompanied by behavioral problems among children aged 6-11 years and to study maternal practices for management of nocturnal enuresis. A case control study was conducted on 200 neurotic and 200 non-neurotic children. The sample was selected from the three school health insurance clinics in the East district of Alexandria. Data was collected by an interview questionnaire, which was filled from the mothers. The Arabic version of the child behavior checklist [CBCL] was used for assessment of behavioral problems among children. The results showed that 55.5% of neurotic children were boys and 44.5% were girls, about 57% of neurotics had a family history of enuresis, more than three quarters reported bed-wetting for more than twice /week, 68.5% had primary enuresis and 31.5% had secondary enuresis. The most common cause of secondary enuresis was the presence of family problems [34.9 % ]. Children of non-educated and non-working mothers together with children from low and moderate socioeconomic levels reported a higher significant risk of enuresis. Also bad relationship between parents and the presence of psychiatric problems in the family increased the risk of enuresis. The presence of behavioral problems was significantly higher among neurotics than non-neurotics, 36% of neurotic boys and 48.3% of neurotic girls showed behavioral problems. Among boys the higher significant risk of enuresis was reported among those with hyperactivity and delinquency, while among girls it was among those with depression and hyperactivity. The results demonstrated no significant difference between primary and secondary enuresis concerning behavioral problems. Stepwise logistic regression delineated three predictors for enuresis; the presence of behavioral problems [OR=11.85], moderate or low social class [OR 1.68 & 2.76 respectively] relative to those of high class, and work of mothers, children of non-working mothers had about three times the risk of enuresis relative to those of working mothers. More than one half of the mothers [51.9%] had fair level of practice towards nocturnal enuresis, 27.9% had poor level and 20.2% had good level of practice.