Cognitive dysfunctions as part of dementia syndrome have emerged as a leading public health problem among the elderly. Its early detection is important for the management of patients, and for support of other family members. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its associated factors among elderly living in geriatric homes in Alexandria. The study utilized a cross sectional approach targeting elderly in 4 geriatric homes selected at random. The sample included 114 elderly; 70 females and 44 males with a mean age of 70.4± 8.23 years. A predesigned interviewing questionnaire was completed for all participants and included socio-demographic data, family history for dementia; chronic disease; and drug history, previous exercise, and smoking history. Functional capacities were assessed by ADL and IADL. Cognitive function was assessed by Mini Mental Status Examination.
The results revealed that 38.6% of the elderly had cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment was significantly higher among older age group, among females, among illiterates, and those of lower education, and was significantly lower among professionals and business personnel. Cognitive impairment was also significantly higher among those with cardiac diseases, those who were not previously practicing physical exercise, and those who were dependent in ADL and IADL. Stepwise logistic regression revealed that older age [75+], primary education or less, history of cardiac disease, and dependency in telephone use were the significant predictors of cognitive impairment.
In conclusion, cognitive impairment is highly prevalent among the elderly in geriatric homes in Alexandria. Older age, primary education or les, history of cardiac disease, and dependency in telephone use are significant predictors of cognitive impairment. Further community-based studies are recommended. Governmental and non-governmental efforts aiming at improving the educational level in the community and different strategies for preventing cardiac disease should be adopted. Cognitive and functional scales are important in screening for cognitive impairment.