UNESCO plays a unique role in establishing the foundations for the protection of cultural (archaeological) and natural heritage sites global wide Cooperation in th e protection and preservation of World Heritage sites is one of the most important strategic issues facing countries and societies in light of the increasing pressures (economic - social - cultural) and this I s considered a challenge, In light of the risks to  the environment of these sites. The importance of the study comes in an attempt to shed light on the role played by UNESCO in protecting World Heritage sites in general, and through a comparative study of cultural world heritage sites in Egypt and Morocco in particular, through classifying the risks to which World Heritage sites are exposed, and addressing these risks, Locally and internationally , and UNESCO role in addressing these risks to preserve and protect these sites to achieve sustainable development. The study relied on the descriptive approach by presenting the environmental risks faced by each site separately, and the state's local interventions to address these risks and their cost. And the role of UNESCO in protecting these sites, And the study also relied on the comparative analytical approach through a comparative study of UNESCO's intervention methods and the type of international assistance provided by the World Heritage Fund to address these risks. Using statistical methods for percentages to prepare special studies for each of the World Heritage sites in Egypt and Morocco. The study reached several results, the most important of which are The World Heritage site in Egypt and Morocco are exposed to risks that affect the environment of the sites in all its forms, whether s ocial, environmental, urban, economic. World Heritage sites in Egypt and Morocco, and at the global level – There is a local interest, whether in Egypt or Morocco, in the protection of World Heritage sites. The study also recommends the following recommendations: Benefiting from the preservation o f World Heritage sites as an economically feasible mechanism for local communities – Establishing a supreme council for the implementation of sustainable development goals in all sectors - Raising awareness of the importance of preserving the environment and natural resources in all media to change the behavior of resource use.