The study aims to shed light on the various factors that lead to thedevelopment and efficiency of the health sector, where the issue of health has become at the forefront of the international human rights agenda other than that it is considered an essential element and component of human development, and therefore investment in the health sector affects individuals and the national economy, and it It has effects on the environment, which is reflected on individuals as well as on the quality of health services. The inductive approach was used in the study, so that public investment or public spending in the health sector in Egypt could be tracked, traced and explained. The concept of health economics was defined in the study, how to apply the tools of economics to health service issues, and criteria for evaluating health policies and their economic efficiency. Government investment in the health sector was also addressed, as this investment represents social benefits that are reflected in work and production in economic projects.   The study reached several results, including: that health economics searches for how to apply the tools of economics to health services issues so that they become more effective, and government investment in the health sector is divided into material investment and the last investment in human capital.