The world now is looking for renewable, cheap alternatives to be used in industry to save the environment for sustainable life and the money for the factory's owners. This research is dealing with the possibility of synthesizing nitrocellulose (NC) from an easily renewable agriculture waste such as bagasse, is demonstrated in extraction of α-cellulose, by pulping, bleaching, and nitration, were found nitrocellulose with nitrogen content ranged from (less than 7.0 to 11.4 %), and relative viscosity 1% from (1.09 to 4.44). The NC structure and fibers were characterized by analytical techniques such IR spectroscopy and proton NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the bagasse gives very good results when used to give nitrocellulose.