The continuous development of metropolitan urban areas would lead to an environmental phenomenon known as Urban Heat Island (UHI). It is mainly due to the emission of heat to the lower layer of the atmosphere. UHI was proven to negatively impact human activities in terms of productivity, lifestyle and health issues. It also affects the healthy state of animals and vegetation. The research hypothesis considers that the increase or decrease in the emissivity-corrected Land Surface Temperature (e-corrected LST) in an urbanized area is due to Global Warming (GW), Regional Drivers (RD), and UHI. The study area selected is EL-Senbellaween city located in Dakahliya governorate in the delta of Egypt. It represents the Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) changes from cultivated land into an urbanized environment. This research utilized Landsat 5 TM in 1998, 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) in 2018 and Thermal Infrared Remote Sensor (TIRS) remotely sensed data. Different digital image processing and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques were applied to restore the satellite images and carry out the needed enhancement, analysis, image classification and information extraction. The digital image processing and RS techniques used include calculating the e-corrected LST, LU/LC, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and UHI. Two GIS-based models were designed and developed using the ArcGIS Pro model builder tool to calculate the e-corrected LST using TIRS data and then calculate the UHI considering the GW and Regional Drivers effects.
Results indicated that the study area suffers from significant UHI effects. Some changes in LU/LC, such as the changes from vegetation to urban, have a significant negative impact on the climate by more than 13 times the global warming effects.