The study aimed to identify the social, economic and living conditions of Arab refugees in Greater Cairo and to identify the psychological effects of these conditions and their impact on the mental health of Arab refugees in Greater Cairo. The study relied on the case study methodology, which is useful in obtaining facts related to the circumstances surrounding the case. The study relied on more than A research tool for collecting data, which is the interview guide, observation, data and statistics on refugees provided by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The study sample was chosen from Arab refugees registered with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and residents of Greater Cairo, and their number reached 20 cases, with whom in-depth interviews were conducted  The research reached several results, the most important of which is for the social situation, refugees suffer from the problems of underage marriage, child labor, the problem of interruption, drop-out, negative perception, racism, bullying and harassment in some cases, but for economic conditions they suffer from poor economic conditions, due to lack of fixed income or due to forced unemployment, as a result of illness or war injuries, and their dependence mainly on material and food assistance, whether from unhcr or civil society associations, as for the economic conditions they suffer mainly from economic conditions. Physical problems related to housing where they suffer from low housing conditions where they live in poor neighborhoods on the outskirts of new cities and are crammed into single housing that is not suitable for housing in addition to the psychological effects related to their poor conditions, including depression, panic, constant anxiety, problems and sleep disorders, the research recommended the need to review the assistance directed at refugees from mere relief assistance to development assistance and employment opportunities in order to phase out international assistance and the need to review the policies of international institutions in partnership with civil society institutions in order to create direct channels of communication to provide services to refugees to ensure a minimum of meeting their basic needs.