This study reveals the different techniques for confronting part of the different aspects and impacts as a result of the climate change phenomena at the agricultural sector, where these impacts in turn affect the socio-economic situation in Kafr El-Shiekh governorate – the studied area – as one of the most significant coastal cities in Egypt. The agricultural sector in Kafr El-Shiekh suffers from several issues; the most important are the detritus of the agricultural areas, the poor quality and antiquity of the utilized irrigation systems, the water pollution from the sewage, the water level deficiency in the summer, in addition to the climate change impacts such as the increase of air temperature and the raise of the ground water level. As well the increase of the average air temperature as a result of the climate change affects the humans, livestock and plants. Another obvious impact of climate change is the sea level raise, as well as the occurrence of the extreme events and the alteration of the rain distribution at the region.
A sample for the study has been adopted randomly at a multi-level form from the peasantry in Kafr El-Shiekh governorate, which located at the coastal zone of the river Nile delta. The study included 350 samples at diverse ages, jobs and educational level, but directly related to the agricultural sector. The study has been done in various districts at the selected governorate. The selected districts are the most vulnerable ones to the climate change, where they are located on the Mediterranean Sea or Burullus Lake or close to them. The data has been collected through a questionnaire that comprised several axes to answer the study questions.
The results referred to the presence of some of the climate change confrontation techniques, such as 1) avoiding going out at the peak hour, 2) modifying or developing the current irrigation systems, 3) modifying the utilized fertilization rates, 4) irrigating regularly, 5) changing the planting dates, 6) changing the annual crop pattern, 7) establishing sunshades for animals and birds, and 8) alerting with the next heat waves (early warning).
Therefore, the suggested recommendations at this study are 1) establishing working groups to monitor the ongoing changes occurring as a result of climate change, 2) preparing the required technical cadres to deal with the climate change issue, 3) cooperating with the extension fields as a technical way for developing the climate change confrontation methodologies, and 4) activating the early warning system utlization as one of the alarming methodologies to mitigate the caused damage to farmers.