The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between female fertility and certain variables in rural and urban areas. The aim of this study is to determine the differences between rural and urban on the health status of women. This study belongs to the pattern of descriptive studies in order to measure the relationship between two variables, A dependent variable is the fertility of women in the light of some psychological factors. The present study is based on the following methods: a quality of life measure by the researcher, a measure of psychological factors affecting the fertility of women by the researcher. The sample of the study was in a simple random sample. The sample size was in the Upper Upper Egypt (128) and the Upper Egypt (152). A simple random sample (119) was selected in rural Upper Egypt and a simple random sample was (138) single in Upper Upper Egypt. The results of the study confirmed that there was a statistically significant relationship at a significant level (0.05) between fertility The main recommendations of the study were to introduce the concepts of women's health mainly in education decisions in terms of the negative effects of the environment on human behavior in general, and women in particular.