The wheat crop is considered as one of the most important food crops on which the living organisms depend as a basic element of food. Moreover, many services and industries contribute in its preparation that allows multiple fields of investment and operation. Some of it is used in bread manufacturing, it can be used as a direct food for animals, and it also enters into feed industry as well as making different baked goods. the research aimed at estimating the production functions and the costs of the wheat crop, Estimating some measures of productive and economic efficiency of the crop and estimating the size that maximizes the profit as well as the optimal size that reduces the costs and comparing them with the size produced by the farmers in different farm capacities. The research hypotheses included a moral effect of the independent variables (human work, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer) on the productivity of the wheat yield according to the method of spray irrigation. The effect of the independent variables (human work, nitrogen fertilizer) on the productivity of the wheat yield according to the method of flooded irrigation was also included. The descriptive analytical method was used to form the theoretical framework for the research. The primary data were collected through a survey form as a main research tool prepared specifically for this purpose, which was distributed to a sample of 200. The results showed that the most important explanatory variables according to the spray method affecting the dependent variable were the quantity of human work (S1), and the quantity of the phosphate fertilizer in the effective unit (S4) and the quantity of the nitrogen fertilizer in the effective unit (S5), where they were statistically moral at 0.01, 0.05, which showed the positive relationship due to the agreement of their reference with economic logic.
It was also found that the most important explanatory variables according to the method of flooding irrigation that affect the dependent variable were the quantity of human work (S1), and the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer in the effective unit (S5), where they were statistically moral at level 0.01, 0.05, which showed the positive relation and this is due to the agreement of its reference with the economic logic. The irrigation water production index was calculated according to the irrigation method. The water unit productivity was 8.07 Ardab. The net revenue from the water unit reached 2,172.88 pounds. The unit cost of production amounted to 258.08 pound /Ardab. The quantity of water needed to produce the unit The total irrigation cost was 0.12 thousand m3, the irrigation cost ratio for the total cost was 21.99%. As for the irrigation method, the water unit productivity was 3.75 ardeb, the net revenue from the water unit was 876.13 pounds, the production unit cost was 289.00 pounds /Ardab, To produce the output unit of 0.27 thousand m3, the proportion of irrigation costs per ton The total rate is 29.54%. Which shows that there is a preference for the use of spray irrigation method compared to the method of irrigation by flooding.
The study recommended the expansion of the use of advanced irrigation methods and appropriate irrigation methods, the use of organic and biological agriculture to reduce fertilizers and chemical pesticides contaminated with the environment, and the expansion of the cultivation of wheat because it is a crop with a high return of the material, the need to work to increase the search for Groundwater resources and the establishment of controls for wells that have been dug and work on the efficiency of use.