This study aimed at identifying the determinants and obstacles of social security in Egypt and the extent to which these determinants conform to international standards of social security. In addition to identifying the role of social security in Egypt in achieving sustainable social development and mechanisms to enhance this role, and hence a program to develop the performance of social security funds to enhance their role in achieving sustainable social development in the light of international standards. Through the "case study" approach, the study sought to examine the funds of the National Social Insurance Authority, which are the "Insurance Fund for Governmental Sector, and the Insurance Fund for Public and Private Sector ". In its objectives, it has studied legislation, insurance benefits, administrative system and human resources, public relations, finance, and investment of fund money as key determinants of social development. The study also used a "comparative approach" to compare the performance of funds with international social security standards. The data were collected through a set of tools: direct observation, in-depth interviews, examination of documents from international conventions, laws, legislation, ministerial decisions and administrative instructions. The study also used two social theories: functional structural theory and general systems theory. The results of the study revealed that the social security system policies in Egypt are far from international standards and that the challenges facing the Egyptian social security system are directly affected by the way they are run and managed. Good governance and effective enforcement of laws can create a social insurance system that is comprehensive and socially and economically appropriate, even with modest resources, if there are social and economic policies supported by sound management and based on harmonious social dialogue. The study came out with a set of recommendations that were formulated in a proposed program to develop the performance of social security funds and enhance their role in achieving sustainable social development. The program includes nine axes: legislative amendment, financial and administrative autonomy, national consensus dialogue, human resource development, restructuring, service development and simplification of procedures, strengthening supervision, regulation, accountability and transparency; supporting policy-making and decision-making, and finally devoting a culture of excellence.