The research highlights an extraordinary amount of interest in nanotechnologies and nanomaterials، terms now familiar not only to scientists، engineers، architects، and product designers but also to the general public. Nanomaterials and nanotechnologies have been developed as a consequence of truly significant recent advances in the material science community. Their use، in turn، is expected to have enormous consequences on the design and engineering of everything. Hopes exist for being able to make things smaller، lighter، or work better than is possible with conventional materials. In the sustainability and energy generation domain، for example، nano-based fuel cells or photovoltaics can potentially offer greater efficiencies than are possible with conventional materials.