The rapid use of social media made location prediction is the key to research studies based on-location services like; advertising, recommendations, climatological forecast, and security system. Locations are the center of information for these applications that helps to gain profit from this information user location. According to millions of users who post tweets every day, Twitter is known as one of the most important and familiar social media blogs. Depending on the importance of catching the location of the users and the rapid usage of Twitter, Location prediction on Twitter has been a point of research in many research studies. This survey provides a comprehensive overview picture of the prediction of the user's location on Twitter. that focuses on tweet location prediction of the user. This occurs by; reviewing existing location-prediction techniques and the latest challenges. Finally, the conclusion of the survey and a list of the future research directions.