Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of Jojoba-Oil against endodontic pathogens involved in endodontic infection. Materials and methods: Regarding the in vitro part, sterile saline, crude Jojoba-Oil, mixtures of calcium
hydroxide powder with sterile saline and calcium hydroxide powder with Jojoba-Oil were tested against selected strains (S.aureus, E.coli, E.faecalis and C.albicans) using agar diffusion method. Zones of inhibition were measured after 24, 48, 72 and 7 days incubation periods. Regarding the in vivo part, a total of forty patients were selected
according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into four groups (10 each) according to the assigned irrigant and intracanal medicament. Three clinical samples were collected from each patient in each group under strict aseptic conditions for microbiological studies. Results: Ca(OH)2 + Jojoba-Oil group produced the statistically significant largest mean inhibition zone against the selected strains at 24, 48 and 72 hours incubation periods. The in vivo part showed that, chemomechanical
preparation produced a significant reduction in both bacterial and fungal count in the four experimental groups. In groups using intracanal medication, there was further significant reduction in both bacterial and fungal count compared to non-medicated groups. Conclusions: The combination of calcium hydroxide with Jojoba-Oil as a vehicle
has an antimicrobial activity comparable to calcium hydroxide mixed with saline.