The present study carried out to present the legal frame of the international and national nuclear and radiological programs. Nuclear and radiological programs are the backbone of the measure of the progress of countries at present. Almost all developed countries have integrated nuclear and radiological programs, and even un-developing countries seek to possess that technology to catch up with progress. Especially with regard to third-party compensation in the event of nuclear accidents, it noted that any accident or event, whether nuclear or radiological, does not affect only the country in which the incident occurred, but all the countries of the world affected by it. The IAEA is also setting standards for nuclear and radiological security and safety to ensure the rational use of this technology. One will talk here about the activities of nuclear and radiological programs through two parts. Part one, about nuclear and radiological programs in general, and part two, about the Egyptian nuclear and radiological program in particular.

Nuclear and radiological programs generally consist of six activities. These six activities divided into three groups, the first set of activities represents the nuclear part of the programs, namely reactors of both types power and research and their respective nuclear fuel circuits. The second set of activities includes all radiological activities such as radiological facilities and radioactive waste management facilities, while the third group includes the safe transport of radioactive materials whether nuclear or non-nuclear.