ABSTRACT
he thalassemias are a group of inherited disorders of hemoglobin, first reported independently from the United States and Italy in 1925. The word ‘thalassemia', derived from Greek roots for ‘the sea' and ‘blood', was invented under the mistaken belief that these disorders were confined to the Mediterranean region. The thalassemia's are the commonest genetic disorders in humans and represent an increasing public health problem in the tropical countries in which they occur at a high frequency. A retrospective design was used in the study. This design according to the available literature is considered to be appropriate as it allows the researcher to assess the dependent variable in the present (thalassemia) and then links this factors that affecting occurring on the sample, socioeconomic and physical parameters. The total sample size was 100children (50Boy) and (50 Girl). Their ages ranged 6-12 years. The study showed that the changes in physical, physiological, anthropometrics measurement, laboratory investigation of blood and behavioral affected by the nutritional status of them.