Host nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor plays a pivotal role in innate immunity and
resistance to infection. It induces the expression of several genes that encode pro-inflammatory cytokines.
It also participates in regulating the differentiation and survival of innate immune cells and lymphocytes.
Infection of host cells with pathogens usually activates host NF-κB signaling pathways. The majority
of parasites evolved diverse protective mechanisms against NF-κB activity to shield their continued
existence. Herein, we present brief insights into NF-κB signaling pathways, activators and inhibitors, and
the main subsequent events following protozoan and helminthic infections in vitro, as well as in vivo either
in experimental models, or in humans. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of NF-κB activation and
inhibition may be of great help as a therapeutic strategy against different parasitic infections.