Background:Acrylamide (AA) is a chemical compound that is typically formed in starchy food products during high-temperature cooking. Itis a known lethal neurotoxin and genotoxin. Aim: The study was designed to illustrate gait change, biochemical and histopathological alterations besides the genotoxicity of AA on the brain of rats and the possible protection of both garlic oil and rosemary extract when administrated in co-treatment. Materials &Methods: Ninety adult male albino rats were divided into 6 groups (15 rats each); negative control, garlic oil group, rosemary extract group, AA group, AA+ garlic oil group, AA+ rosemary extract group. Rats were gavaged orally for six weeks. At the end of experimental period, the gait score of rats was evaluated then, blood samples and brains from the rats were obtained for biochemical, histological and cytogenetic evaluation. Results: AA exposed rats exhibited abnormal gait with significant decline in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), acetylcholine esterase (AChE), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein contents and an increase malondialdehyde (MDA) with histopathological changes of the brain tissues. Either treatment with garlic oil or rosemary extract improves these changes.
Conclusion: AA is toxic to the brain of rats. Garlic oil or rosemary extract can ameliorate this toxicity. Recommendation: Strict control of AA consumption is urgently needed.

Key words: Acrylamide, garlic oil, rosemary extract, AChE, DNA, RNA.