Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a novel term to describe new diagnostic criteria for diagnosing fatty liver disease free of alcohol intake and associated viral hepatitis infection. These new diagnostic criteria, make it easier to diagnose than non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although we may not have a lot of studies about MAFLD yet, we have plenty of evidence about IR, metabolic syndrome and dysfunction, and NAFLD. In this review, we try to spotlight some important and updated knowledge about MAFLD and its related conditions, to help us better understand and deal with this global problem.