Purpose: To evaluate the effect of chronic hepatitis B infection on semen parameters and reproductive hormones in Egyptians.  Patients and methods: In this study, 104 males were included. They were classified into two groups: 73 patients with chronic hepatitis B without liver cirrhosis (group 1) and 31 healthy volunteers (group 2). Semen samples were analyzed using a computer-aided semen analyzer. Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, total testosterone, free testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PCR was also evaluated. Liver condition was evaluated by liver function tests and abdominal sonography.  Results: Semen parameters were affected in patients. There was a significant negative correlation between semen parameters (sperm count, motility, and morphology) and level of viremia. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was detected between level of viremia and serum levels of free testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone. However, a positive correlation was noted between level of viremia and serum levels of prolactin and estradiol.
Conclusion: Hepatitis B virus may have profound implications on male fertility potential.