THIS RESEARCH aims to study the economics of production and marketing of cumin and aniseed crops in Minya Governorate by studying production and marketing efficiency, to estimate the production and costs functions bedsides identifying the most important production and marketing problems that facing the producers of these two crops in Minya Governorate. The results showed that the total costs of cumin and aniseed crops were fully covered, with a profit margin (net profit) reached 64.76%, 60.42% for cumin and aniseed crops respectively, It was also found from the estimation the physical production function that the producers of cumin and aniseed crops work within the scope of the diminishing return on capacity (Second Stage of Diminishing Returns law). By estimating the optimum volume of production achieved for the lowest cost per unit produced it was achieved for the cumin and aniseed crops at a production level of 14.8 and 13.6 tons, respectively. also, we found that 54% of the cumin farming achieved that. The quantity of production at the level of the total number of producers of this category, while the average productivity of this category reached 15.1 tons, which is greater than the optimal size of about 14.8 tons, while about 58% of the producers of aniseed crop have achieved this quantity of production at the level of total number of Producers of this category, where the average productivity of this category reached 13.6 tons, which is greater than the optimal size estimated at 12.2 tons.