T he study aimed to identify the degree of knowledge of rural working women for the materials of the legal protection of their rights under the Egyptian Labor Law in both the government sector and the private sector in Sharkia Governorate. Determination of the degree of application of the labor sector (governmental - private) to the materials of the legal protection of the rights of working women under the legislation of the Egyptian Labor Law, from the point of view of rural working women,and measure the applied gap between two sector (governmental - private) for this materials in Sharkia Governorate, also determining the factors affecting the degree of knowledge of materials of rural working women in the legal protection of their rights under the legislation of the Egyptian Labor Law, and The degree of the contribution of each of all influencing factors significantly, finally determining the factors affecting the degree of application of the (governmental - private) sector to the legal protection of the rights of rural working women under the legislation of the Egyptian law, and the degree of contribution of each of the factors affecting significantly, in addition to identify the positive and negative effects of working of rural women in the Sharkia Governorate. The study was conducted data on a random sample of women working in the governmental sector and the private sector in the villages of al-Nakhariyya and al-Hajarsah in Sharkia Governorate about 171 researched women by 5% of the total number of women in the labor force in the two villages, the field data were collected by a questionnaire of a personal interview form from the beginning of May to the end of August 2018. The field data were analyzed using several statistical methods: Frequency and percentage, mean, weighted average, Pearson coefficient, “Step Wise". The study reached several results, which are: (A) The degree of knowledge of rural women working in the governmental sector with the provisions of the Egyptian Labor Law regarding the employment of women is Medium (83.1%), While the degree of knowledge of rural women working in the private sector of these materials is low (58.7%). (B) The degree of application by the governmental sector of the provisions of the Egyptian Labor Law with respect to the employment of women is 89%, while the private sector has a low rate of 96.1%. (C) There is an application gap between the governmental sector and the private sector regarding the application of the legal protection materials for the rights of working women under the Egyptian labor law legislation. This gap is in favor of the governmental sector. (D) There are a four independent variables explain about 68.4% of the total variance in the degree of application of the labor sector to the legal protection of the rights of working women under the Egyptian labor law legislation, these variables as follows: the degree of knowledge of legal protection materials for the social aspects, The degree of knowledge of the legal protection materials for financial fields, the number of training courses and seminars, The degree of women's self-development and the demand for their rights, In percentages (57.6%), (7.3%), (1.5%), (2%), respectively.