This study was conducted at the farm of Rice Research Section, FCRI, ARC and Agric. Botany department, Fac. of Agricultural, Assiut, Al-Azhar Univ., Egypt. During 2015 and 2016 summer seasons in randomized complete block design with three replications, to study the effect of treated with (350 Kr X rays) on anatomical, morphological and yield characters in some rice varieties viz, Sakha 101, Sakha 104, Giza 177 and Giza 178 with their mutants. The data were recorded on : 1- Anatomical characters i.e, diameter of root, epidermis thickness, cortex thickness, diameter of vascular cylinder, (meta xylem vessels and number of xylem vessels). 2- Morphological characters i.e, days to heading, plant height, no. of tillers per plant, total chlorophyll content in the leaves and 3- Yield components i.e,, no. of panicles/plant, panicle length, panicle weight, no. of total grains/panicle, 1000 grain weight, seed set %, grain yield per plant and harvest index. The results showed that, highly differences were found of diameter and numbers of xylem vessels in vascular cylinder especially with Sakha 101 and Giza 178 by using X- rays. Moreover, there are wider of diameter of root, vascular cylinder and cortex thickness were shown in all treated varieties except Giza 178 compared to untreated plant. Indicating enhancement the morphological characters, days to heading, plant height and number of tillers except total chlorophyll content in the leaves. As well as, enhancement of yield and it is components, panicle characters, 1000 grain weight, seed set% ,grain yield and harvest index% compared to un treated varieties. Which are considered as a promising varieties compared to original rice varieties (un treated). So, this investigation recommended to using this treatment (350 kr of X rays) with these varieties to improve anatomical, morphological characters and productivity under the same field conditions. Finally, we advices use this treatment with some rice varieties and testing to high yielding and tolerance of up normal conditions (salinity, drought and ……..ect.)