Background: Hyperthyroidism is a condition associated with oxidative damage of liver. Omega-3 fatty acids are effective in various medical conditions due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic activities.
Aim of the work: Here we evaluate the potential effects of omega-3 fatty acids on experimentally induced hyperthyroidism. Materials and methods: Thirty adult male rats were divided equally into 3 groups; Control group (G1) received saline. Hyperthyroid (GII) received L-thyroxine group 0.1μg/g/day intraperitoneal for 6 weeks. L-thyroxine+Omega-3 group (GIII) received L-thyoxine as previous group then 12% of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 18% of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for 4 weeks (from 3rd to 6th weeks). Blood samples were taken for detection of liver enzymes, serum T3 and TSH. Liver samples were taken for light and electron microscopic examination. Immunohistochemical staining of CD68, Caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were done.
Results: L-thyroxine over dose decreased TSH, increased serum T3 and liver enzymes (ALT &AST). Also, it induced patches of cytoplasmic vacuolation, dense nuclei, vascular congestion and significant increase of collagen fibers. Electron microscopic changes revealed rarified cytoplasm and mitochondria with destructed cristae in most hepatocytes, . Significant increase of caspase3 and CD68 immunoexpression and significant decrease of (PCNA) immunoexpression were noticed. Concomitant treatment with omega 3 showed decreased liver enzymes and T3. Improvement of most morphological alterations in the hepatocytes was observed. Significant decrease of collagen fibers, caspase 3 and CD68 immunoexpression was observed and significant increase of PCNA immunoexpression.
Conclusion: Combined treatment with omega 3 ameliorated most of L. thyroxine induced liver changes and serological parameters.