Background: Methanol poisoning frequently occurs via oral ingestion of adulterated spirits as ethanol substitutes. Retina is particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of methanol. Ethanol is frequently used for treatment where prompt management is crucial to avoid irreversible ocular damage.
Aim of the work: The aim of this work is to study the histological and ultrastructural effect of methanol intoxication on the retina, as well as the ability of ethanol to protect against methanol induced retinal damage.
Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats, were used in the study. Rats were divided into three groups (n=10 per group): Group 1 (Control group); Group 2 (Methanol treated group) and Group 3 (Methanol + Ethanol treated group). Rats were sacrificed after 24 hours of methanol administration. Retinae were examined histologically and ultrastructurally.
Results: Histological and ultrastructure examination of the retina of rats treated with methanol showed marked edema of all layers, disorganized nuclear layers and decreased number of ganglion cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed fragmented outer segment, disorganized inner segment. Administration of ethanol in methanol intoxicated rats resulted in preservation of retinal structure with marked attenuation of methanol induced retinal damage.
Conclusions: Methanol poisoning induces damage of the retina. Administration of ethanol protects the retina and attenuates histopathological changes induced by methanol.