By the melt quenching process, glass samples with the mol% composition [45 Na2CO3 30 B2O3 25 nano-Rock wool x Sb2O3, 0 ≤x ≤ 8] were produced. X-ray diffraction (XRD), density, molar volume, and infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the structure of the produced samples. To examine the prepared glasses by UV–visible spectral distributions the samples were measured between 250 and 850 nm. Allowable indirect transitions were discovered using optical absorption data. The energy values of Urbach (Eu) range from 0.35 to 0.24 eV were obtained from prepared samples. It was found that Sb2O3 concentration affects all optical characteristics. Using WinXCom software, the mass attenuation coefficient, μm, was calculated for the energy range of 0.01 MeV to 20 MeV. The effective atomic numbers, (Zeff), half value layers, (HVL), and mean free path, (MFP) were calculated using the mass attenuation coefficients. The macroscopic effective elimination cross-section for fast neutron (∑R) values was also determined. According to the findings, the investigated glasses were found suitable and promising for optical fiber, optoelectronics, and radiation shielding.