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252603

Greywater Treatment for Safe Recycling via Hybrid Constructed Wetlands and sludge Evaluation

Article

Last updated: 01 Jan 2025

Subjects

-

Tags

Environmental chemistry

Abstract

Arid and semi-arid areas suffer from scarcity of water resources. Nile River is the primary source of drinking water in Egypt. It supplies about 85% of the country need of water. In the meantime, 86% of the total source of Egypt goes for agriculture purpose. Therefore, adequate treated sewage water could be considered unconventional source of water. The separation of sewage water into grey and black wastewater is new trend that could be implemented in the remote areas as an economical and feasible solution for reuse purposes. The present study is concerning with grey wastewater treatment using hybrid constructed wetlands (HCW) enhanced by sedimentation process as pre-treatment. The HCW was subsurface flow (SSF-CW) followed by vertical flow (VF-CW). The hydraulic loading rate (HLR) was 56.6 m3 ha-1.day-1 and the corresponding organic loading rates (OLR) was 239.13 kg BOD5 ha-1.day-1 at 3 days retention time. The COD, BOD5, and TSS in the final treated effluent were reduced by 90.42, 90.65, and 91.4% respectively. The treatment efficiency proved to be in accordance with the Egyptian laws of discharging the treated wastewater into the sewerage networks, as well as the Egyptian code concerning the reuse of the treated effluent. The study was extended to investigate the quality of the produced sludge. The obtained results indicated that the sludge characteristics comply with the limits of Law (93/1962) for safe reuse as soil conditioner.

DOI

10.21608/ejchem.2022.136764.6028

Keywords

Greywater, Hybrid constructed wetland, Hydraulic loading rate (HLR), Organic loading rates (OLR), sludge reuse, Wastewater treatment

Authors

First Name

Hussein

Last Name

Ahmed

MiddleName

Mohamed

Affiliation

Housing and Building Research Center (HBRC), Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Institute

Email

hussein_fee@yahoo.com

City

Giza

Orcid

0000-0002-5791-444X

First Name

Hussein

Last Name

Abdel-Shafy

MiddleName

Ibrahim

Affiliation

Water Research & Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

Email

hshafywater@yahoo.com

City

Cairo

Orcid

0000-0002-3381-2617

First Name

Mohamed

Last Name

El-Khateeb

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Water Pollution Control Dep., National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

Email

elkhateebcairo@yahoo.com

City

Giza

Orcid

-

First Name

Mohamed

Last Name

Hefny

MiddleName

Mahmoud

Affiliation

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

Email

mmhefny_cu005@yahoo.com

City

Cairo -Egypt

Orcid

-

First Name

Fatehy

Last Name

Abdel-Haleem

MiddleName

M.

Affiliation

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

Email

fatehy@sci.cu.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

65

Article Issue

13

Related Issue

37459

Issue Date

2022-12-01

Receive Date

2022-05-02

Publish Date

2022-12-01

Print ISSN

0449-2285

Online ISSN

2357-0245

Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_252603.html

Detail API

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=252603

Order

252,603

Type

Original Article

Type Code

297

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

Publication Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Greywater Treatment for Safe Recycling via Hybrid Constructed Wetlands and sludge Evaluation

Details

Type

Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023