Nowadays back to nature and using biopolymers in all fields especially in textiles are gaining attention to eliminating pollution. Because of the harmful effects of chemical dyeing and the continuing research of researchers in this field, naturally coloured textile fabrics are in high demand all over the world. Natural dyes have unique characteristics such as a soothing hue, biodegradability, non-toxicity, non-carcinogenicity, and antibacterial resistance. The current study aims to reduce chemicals used in textile dyeing and replace them with natural polymers via surface modification of different fabrics. The anionic surface modification aims to enhance the dyeability of various fabrics namely: cotton, wool and acrylic to basic and natural dyes and increase the colour strength and antimicrobial effect. The anionic fabric treatment has been done using sodium alginate (SA) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) then the treated fabrics were dyed using synthetic dye (basic dye) and natural dye (moringa). In the case of natural dye, crosslinkers have been used (citric acid (CA) with sodium hypophosphite (SHP)) to enhance the bonding forces between dye and fabrics. The optimum condition for polymers' concentration was 2% for the optimum dyeing conditions (45 min.; 75°C; dye conc. 2 g/L; pH 4). The dyeability of the treated fabrics with basic and natural dyes was significantly improved which leads to an increase in the colour strength of dyed fabrics. The results show an increase in fastness properties and antimicrobial effect for the treated fabrics than the untreated ones.