The primary goal of this study was to develop nanotechnology-based controlled drug delivery devices. As a nano carrier for Aloe vera extract, chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were used. The ionic gelation method was used to make CSNPs from chitosan solution using tripolyphosphate (TPP). The generated high-performance CSNPs were then loaded with Aloe vera extract to create Aloe vera-laden chitosan nanoparticle nanocomposites. The nanocomposite is then employed as a superb antibacterial material with the least amount of toxicity. To impart antibacterial activity without cytotoxicity, cotton (100%) and viscose (100%) samples were treated with varied doses of this compound. The treated fabrics with chitosan nanoparticles and their nanocomposite with various concentrations prevented the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, according to the findings. The embedding of chitosan nanoparticles into fabrics and their bioactive material loaded were revealed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) research. Finally, the cytotoxicity of CSNPs and Aloe vera extract loaded CSNPs nanocomposite was assessed using a cell viability assay, confirming that the produced nanocomposite is non-toxic and tissue compatible, just like CS.