With the rapid advancement of nanotechnologies, it is more likely that biological systems may be exposed to an excessive amount of nanoparticles (NPs). The effect of NPs on plants, on the other hand, has yet to be investigated. The study's objective was to explore the comparative and effect of traditional salt (ZnSO4), chemical and biological zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs, ZnObNPs) respectively through foliar treatment on photosynthetic traits, soluble sugars, proteins, phenols, oil content, and mineral content. 40, 90 days old seedlings of canola were foliar with distilled water (control), 50 or 100 mg/l of ZnSO4, ZnONPs, and ZnObNPs, respectively. Plants grown with ZnObNPs (100 mg/l) exhibited better growth and photosynthetic characteristics and higher levels of soluble sugars, proteins, phenols, oil content, and mineral content than non-treated plants at 50, 100, and 160 days after sowing (DAS). In conclusion, ZnObNPs can be used to improve canola plants by up-regulating the non-antioxidant defense system as phenol, osmolyte and increased oil content, mineral content.