The aim of this study focused to investigate the chemical constituents of chloroform and methanol extracts of Traganum nudatum aerial parts and evaluation of their related biological ability as antitumor, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity. The GC-Ms analysis of chloroform extract revealed the identification of 45 compounds (26 terpenoids, 13 fatty acids methyl ester, 3 sterols, 2 alkaloids, 1 ally benzene). Carvacrol and citronellol were the major components of the terpenoid compounds while elaidic and stearic acids were to fatty acid methyl ester. The methanol extract was applied to polyamide column chromatography which led to isolation and identification of eight phenolic compounds. The chemical structure of the isolated compounds was identified by the physical and chemical properties using UV, MS, 1H and 13C-NMR as hesperidin 1 isorhamentin-3-O-α-robinobioside 2, caffeic acid 3, isorhamentin 4, p-coumaric 5, sinapic acid 6, 7-hydroxy flavone 7 and quinic acid 8. The evaluation of the biological activity showed that the chloroform extract has antitumor and antidiabetic effect better than the methanol extract. While the methanol extract exhibited anti-inflammatory inhibition efficacy more than the chloroform extract that showed no anti-inflammatory activity.