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196806

Role of Glutathione-S-Transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) Genes on Aluminum Concentration and Oxidative Markers among Autistic Children

Article

Last updated: 01 Jan 2025

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Subjects

-

Tags

Environmental chemistry

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is considered a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder. The last two decades showed an increase in its prevalence until reached about 1 in 54 children. Autistic symptoms may be exacerbated when the interaction of the genetic and the environmental risk factors occur, suggesting that gene-environment interaction could be a mechanism underlying the etiology of ASD. Aluminum is a known neurotoxic metal that has known health effects in humans. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes and their enzymes play a major role in the detoxification of many toxic metals.
Data were collected from 76 children aged 2-8 years diagnosed with ASD and 30 sex and age matched healthy children. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the two GST genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) with mean aluminum concentrations (as, gene-environment interaction) and oxidative status markers (GST enzyme, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide) among the studied groups. The study started at December 2019 and last for one year at the clinics of National Research Centre, Egypt.
The results of this study showed that the null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype is the most common type in ASD and that genotype may predispose ASD children to decreased antioxidant status (GST enzyme activity) which in term lead to mal detoxification of aluminum. There is marked increase in aluminum concentrations in hair of ASD children and oxidative markers (increase in MDA and NO) leading to oxidative damage that may play an important role in children autistic status. The study recommends adding antioxidant supplements to daily diet of ASD children to improve their antioxidant status and in term improving management of patients with autism spectrum disorders. Further studies are needed to describe other GST gene polymorphisms.

DOI

10.21608/ejchem.2021.94656.4464

Keywords

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), aluminum, detoxification, glutathione S-transferase (GST), gene-environment interaction, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO)

Authors

First Name

Sara

Last Name

Said

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Assistant researcher, Environmental and Occupational medicine, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

Email

sarasaidelgammal@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Gehan

Last Name

Moubarz

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Assist. Prof. of biochemistry and environmental molecular biology. Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department- Division of Environmental Research- National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.

Email

gehanmoubarz@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

0000-0002-8335-8723

First Name

Hala

Last Name

Awadalla

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Professor of Community and Environmental Medicine-Medical Science Department- Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research - Ain shams university, Cairo, Egypt.

Email

hala_awadalla@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Nevin

Last Name

Sharaf

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Professor of Environmental Medicine- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department-National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.

Email

sharafnevin@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Noha

Last Name

Hegazy

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Professor of Occupational Medicine- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department- National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.

Email

nohahegazy39@gmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Amal

Last Name

Elsaied

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Researcher of Clinical Genetics at Department of Children with Special Needs- National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.

Email

omar_elsaeid_amal@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Ahmed

Last Name

Abdel Gawad

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Lecturer of Environmental Medical Science - Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research - Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Email

ahmed_2012@iesr.asu.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Mohamed

Last Name

Elkhafif

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Professor of Medical Biochemistry- Medical Science Department- Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research - Ain shams university, Cairo, Egypt.

Email

mohamedaalkhafif@hotmail.com

City

-

Orcid

-

Volume

64

Article Issue

12

Related Issue

27765

Issue Date

2021-12-01

Receive Date

2021-09-08

Publish Date

2021-12-01

Page Start

7,591

Page End

7,601

Print ISSN

0449-2285

Online ISSN

2357-0245

Article File

EJCHEM_Volume 64_Issue 12_Pages 7591-7601.pdf

PDF . 492.5kB

Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_196806.html

Detail API

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=196806

Order

74

Type

Original Article

Type Code

297

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

Publication Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Role of Glutathione-S-Transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) Genes on Aluminum Concentration and Oxidative Markers among Autistic Children

Details

Type

Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023