In pollution refinement, carbon-based materials (CBMs) rely primarily on the use of technologies such as adsorption, filtration, and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to get rid of various pollutants from numerous climatic media such as air and water. The unique characteristics and effectiveness of CBMs obtained at nanostructures have made them potentially ideal for these types of operations because they have a large surface-to-volume ratio, predominately leading to a higher reactivity.
An overview of carbon nanotubes, graphene and carbon dots-based substances, used for environmental treatment is given in this survey. For the therapy of diverse natural toxic heavy metals, dyes, chemical molecules, volatile organic components, and herbicides, the employment of these nanostructures mentioned above is being reviewed. Moreover, the costs associated and how the effectiveness of technology used in environmental cleanup could be optimized are also important factors to consider.