Acute kidney injury (AKI) exhibited more than 1 million deaths every year worldwide; inflammation has a vital role in AKI development and considered as a risk factor in its progression. Aescin is a natural compound with anti-inflammatory vasoconstrictor and vasoprotective effects. The current study aimed to assess Aescin's possible renal protective and therapeutic effect on potassium dichromate (PD)-induced AKI in rats. Single injection of PD was causing AKI (15 mg/kg; s.c). Rats were divided randomly into four groups. Group I: Normal control. Group II: Rats injected with PD and served as AKI group. Group III: Rats received a daily injection of Aescin for 2 weeks (3.6 mg/Kg; orally), prior PD injection and group IV after PD injection. Kidney functions, kidney contents of inflammatory and proliferative markers as toll-like receptor4 (TLR4), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were estimated. In addition, histopathological examination was performed. Aescin improves kidney functions, alleviated inflammatory and proliferative markers and ameliorated hyaline materials in the Bowman's space and necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules that induced by PD. The present study confirmed the effectiveness of use of Aescin in AKI protection or treatment.