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Age-Dependent Health Risk Assessment for Radon Concentrations from Drinking Water Available in the Iraqi Markets

Article

Last updated: 01 Jan 2025

Subjects

-

Tags

Environmental chemistry

Abstract

Radon is occurring naturally, odorless, colorless, radioactive, tasteless, and a noble gas. It is the second most important cause of lung cancer after smoking in many countries. The rate of lung cancers attributable to radon is estimated to range from 3 to 14%. The dose exposure relation is linear, i.e. the risk of lung cancer increases proportionally with increasing radon exposure. So, it is necessary to measure radon concentrations in the drinking water that is of direct contact with human life and health. The study included measurement of radon (222Rn) concentrations in some selected samples of drinking water (bottled water) are available in the Iraqi market. 222Rn concentrations have been measured the usage of alpha spectroscopy (RAD-7). The RAD-7 measuring process is based on detecting alpha particles produced from the disintegration of radon and its products using a solid-state alpha detector (usually silicon), and then converting alpha radiation directly to an electrical signal. The annual effective dose and lifetime cancer risk in six age groups (3 months, 1 year, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years and adult) associated with the exposure due to an annual intake of 222Rn were calculated. Results show that the average value of radon concentrations in drinking water samples was ranged from 28.4±2.7 mBq/L to 283±0.34 mBq/L. Also, it is found the average value of annual effective dose in unit µSv/y for six age groups were 0.48±0.08, 0.62±0.11, 0.18±0.03, 0.22±0.04, 0.37±0.06, and 0.27±0.05, respectively. The average value of lifetime cancer risk in same age groups were (17.99±3.26, 31.13±5.65, 46±8.37, 107.33±19.41, 276.5±50, and 926.33±168)×10-9 respectively. The results of 222Rn concentrations in the present study were found lower than the data of the recommended reference WHO 2008 (500 mBq/L or Bq/m3). Also, the results showed that the annual effective dose from drinking water exhaustion in six age groups were found lower than the permitted limit of (1mSv) suggested by UNSCEAR 2000. As well as, values of lifetime cancer risk were within the accepted level (10-3). Therefore, there are no indications of significant threat from radon concentrations in bottled water brands, and it is safe as far as a health risk is concerned.

DOI

10.21608/ejchem.2021.55039.3150

Keywords

Radon concentrations, Annual effective dose, Excess Cancer Risk, drinking water and Iraq

Authors

First Name

Nabeel A.

Last Name

Kadhim

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Ministry of Education, Najaf Education Office, Najaf, Iraq

Email

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City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Abdullah S.i

Last Name

Mdekil

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Ministry of Education, General Directorate for Wasit Education, Wasit, Iraq

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Hawraa H.

Last Name

abbas

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Physics Department, Collage of Science, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq

Email

-

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Ali A.

Last Name

Abojassim

MiddleName

-

Affiliation

Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq

Email

ali.alhameedawi@uokufa.edu.iq

City

Kufa

Orcid

0000-0001-5950-5220

Volume

64

Article Issue

4

Related Issue

22914

Issue Date

2021-04-01

Receive Date

2020-12-24

Publish Date

2021-04-01

Page Start

1,889

Page End

1,895

Print ISSN

0449-2285

Online ISSN

2357-0245

Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_143536.html

Detail API

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=143536

Order

22

Type

Original Article

Type Code

297

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry

Publication Link

https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Age-Dependent Health Risk Assessment for Radon Concentrations from Drinking Water Available in the Iraqi Markets

Details

Type

Article

Created At

22 Jan 2023