This study aimed to investigate different phytochemical compounds of Cyperus esculentus tubers grown in Egypt, as affected by different extracts (oil, methanol, chloroform), and evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of these various extracts in rats. Methanol fraction was subjected to silica gel column chromatography, resulted in isolation of three compounds reported for the first time from this plant, oleanolic acid, α –Amyrin 3-0- glucopyranoside, β -Amyrin3-0- glucopyranoside. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and comparing data with those reported in literature. GC/MS of oil showed twelve compounds, 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-,2-hydroxy-1- (hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester represented the major compound, while hexylene glycol was the minor. GC/MS of chloroform gave ten compounds, 9 octadecenoic acid, (E) was the highest peak, and stigmasterol was the lower one. Chloroform, methanol and oil extracts of plant were evaluated for their hepatoprotective activity, in D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. The high (500 mg/kg), and low (250 mg/kg) doses of extracts, reduced levels of liver enzymes and total protein towards the normal value, which were comparable to that of reference drug silymarin and D-galactosamine indicating its hepatoprotective activity. Bioactive constituents and hepatoprotective activity of different extracts give this plant its therapeutic effects in addition to nutritional ones.