Electrospun nanofibers have found many applications as useful material with reasonable properties and morphology. The electrospinning technique is better than other conventional nanofiber fabrication techniques owing to the ease of formation and controlling fiber orientation. Electrospun nanofiber has unique properties such as a high surface area to volume ratio, easily in surface functionality, interfibrous pore sizes, and the ability to change the nanofiber composition to get specific functions and properties. The current review highlights the electrospinning principles, types of electrospinning, and the parameters that affect the nanofibers fabrication. Finally, we provided some nanofiber applications area such as biomedical, protective clothing, sensors, electrical, and filtration.