Background: Cesarean hysterectomy is lifesaving process to control bleeding due to increase the rate of cesarean section which leads to increase the incidence of placenta accrete and placenta previa. This study aimed to assess the effect cesarean hysterectomy on ovarian function. Patients & Methods: This case-control study was carried out at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Zagazig University Hospitals at the period from January 2019 to July 2019. On 48 patients were classified in to two groups (24 in each group). Group 1 include 24 patients underwent cesarean hysterectomy (case group). Group 2 include 24 patients underwent cesarean section (control group). Measuring level of FSH, LH, Estradiol in serum three months after operation, assessment of resistant index and pulsitilty index of ovarian artery and antral follicle count of both ovaries. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the cases in mean value of serum FSH (6.9±3.2) when compared to the controls in mean value of FSH (4.8±2.4) and a statistically significant difference in LH mean value of cases (9.3±8.3), when compared to controls mean value of LH (3.2±1.9) with significant P value = 0.01 and P value = 0.005. Conclusions: There is difference in FSH and LH between cases and controls and no difference in Estradiol serum level with preservation of blood flow to both ovaries by no significant change in resistant index and pulsitilty index of ovarian artery.