Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the most common endocrine disorder of childhood, leads to various macro- and microvascular complications. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major microvascular complications of T1DM and results in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Aim of the work: This study is to assess whether urinary NGAL (uNGAL) levels and Doppler ultrasonography can predict the early phases of diabetic kidney injury in childhood Methods: The is a case control study was conducted in pediatrics outpatient clinics at Zagazig University Hospitals on 32 participants, 16 ones of them were a diabetic children at outpatients clinic and matched with 16 healthy subjects. Results: The results of the study revealed that, at cutoff point of 56.4 ng/ml, Urinary NGAL was 100% sensitive, 81.2% specific and 90.6% accurate, that there was a statistical significant difference between the studied groups in Urinary NGAL and Urinary NGAL/Cr ratio. Cases group had significantly higher Urinary NGAL and Urinary NGAL/Cr ratio than control group. Conclusion: NGAL is a rising and promising marker for early detection of DN. It can detect the tubular phase of DN even before the onset of Microalbuminuria.