Background: Rheumatoid arthritis patients (RA) have expanded cardiovascular morbidness and death rate. Paraoxonase1 (PON1) polymorphism has been related to expanded cardiovascular hazard. Aim of the work: to assess the relationship between PON1 gene polymorphism and RA. Subjects and methods: A case control study was conducted in Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department in cooperation with Medical Biochemistry and Biology Department, Zagazig University Hospitals on 106 subjects. They were divided randomly into case and control groups, full history was taken from all patients, also locomotor examination, laboratory and radiological evaluation were done. Genotyping of PON1 gene polymorphism was studied in both groups Results: Regarding PON1 polymorphism genotypes, the difference in PON1 genotypes frequency was not significant among RA patients and controls (P>0.05). Levels of total triglycerides, HDL and LDL were different significantly in both groups. Conclusion: Although RA patients had higher cardiovascular risk, PON1 Q192R polymorphism was not prominent in RA patients contrasted with controls.