Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a com-mon cancer that poses a heavy economic burden on the healthcare system. In Egypt, it is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity-related cancer. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Cancer and type II diabetes (T2DM), the world's two most prevalent diseases, share many overlapping risk factors and predisposing pathological conditions. The exact mechanisms linking those two diseases are yet to be fully understood. One postulated linking pathogenetic pathway is the Insulin-Like Growth Factor1 Receptor (IGF-1R) axis, which is regulated by several non-coding RNAs, among which is the long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) H19. Aim of Study: In this review, we aim to explore the relationship between H19 and IGF-1R in the literature and how their gene expression levels are modulated in the context of HCC and DM to investigate the probability of H19/IGF-1R being a pathophysiological link between HCC and DM that may become a therapeutic target for both diseases. Materal and Methods: An organized search of the literature was conducted with focus on electronic databases including Pub Med/Medline, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. Results: No studies to date have investigated the relation-ship between H19 and IGF-1R in the context of HCC or diabetes. In other conditions however, the relationship between H19 and IGF-1R is a source of debate in the literature. Moreover, the expression level of H19 in HCC and in diabetes, as well as its role as a potential tumor suppressor versus an oncogene remain to be controversial. Conclusion: The relationship between H19 and IGF-1R and the exact molecular mechanisms of their interactions in HCC and T2DM need further research to be elucidated.