Abstract Regular physical exercise is a well-known mechanism for preventing and treating several health conditions, from the general improvement of the overall health condition and the prevention of obesity and increasing the arterial collater-alization and blood flow to the upregulation of antiinflamma-tory and antioxidant signaling cascades. The beneficial effects of regular physical exercise are far-reaching and diverse. Chronic neurological disorders are considered a significant public health concern. Given the fact that the available treat-ment modalities in most neurological conditions are not fully curative and aiming primarily at improving the quality of life and the ability to cope, with a wide side effect profile of the available medications to the high cost of other available methods as electric stimulation devices, this highlight the importance of investigating the beneficial roles of regular physical exercise, both as a preventive and a curative tool, indifferent chronic neurological diseases. This short review of the literature highlights the recent research finding and mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise in different chronic neurological diseases.