Abstract Background: Because of the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating properties of Moringa oleifera,there is an increased interest in its potential capacity in the prevention and control of diabetes mellitus and lipids peroxidation. Aim of Study: Evaluating the potential antidiabetic efficacy and protective activities of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera seeds in alloxan-induced diabetic nephropathy. Material and Methods: This experimental study wasstarted in September and ended at November, 2020. It wasperformed at Medical Physiology Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine, Cairo. Fifty adult male albino rats of a local strain were distributed randomly into 5 equal groups: Normal control group, control group received aqueous extract of Moringa seeds (500ml/kg body weight orally for 10 weeks), diabetic control group received a single dose of alloxan (140mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally), diabetic group received aqueous extract of Moringa seeds (500ml/kg body weight orally 10 weeks), and diabetic group received Moringa seeds aqueous extract before and after induction of diabetes in the same pervious doses. Results: Alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus was associated with significant higher levels of serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lowered level of insulin as compared to the control normal group. It was also associated with histopathological changes of renal tissues and impaired renal function in the form of significant elevations of serum K+, Na+, creatinine, urea and uric acid levels as compared to the control normal group. Also, there were significant disturbance of lipid peroxidation represented by MDA Level and significant decrease in SOD level as compared to the control normal group. Moringa oleifera seeds aqueous extract showed signif-icant lower levels of serum glucose, HbA1c and elevated level of insulin as compared with the diabetic rats. It was also associated with histological regeneration of damaged renal tissues and restoration of renal function in the form of signif-icant decrease of serum K+, Na+, creatinine, urea and uric acid levels as compared to the diabetic group. Also, there were significant amelioration of lipid peroxidation represented by significant decrease of MDA level, and significant increase of SOD level as compared to the control normal group. These results were prominent in pretreated group with Moringa seeds aqueous extract. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera improved glycemic and lipidemic disturbances as well as have potent protective and regenerative effects for the kidney.