Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the teeth supporting tissues brought on by microbial biofilm. Local medication delivery methods work directly on pathogenic bacteria in periodontal pockets, assisting in disease management. Since the early 1900s, placental treatment has been used to aid in disease recovery and tissue regeneration.
Aim of the study: this study aimed to evaluate the effect of placental extract gel (PEG) in the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats.
Materials and Methods: Periodontitis was induced on thirty Wistar albino rats. The animals were divided into three groups (n=10); negative control, Scaling and root planning only (SRP), and SRP combined with (PEG) groups. Animals were sacrificed after 14 days of baseline and examined for epithelial and inflammatory cell status in connective tissue; Image analyzed computer system Image J was used for counting inflammatory cells, alveolar bone, and TNF-α immune expression.
Results: Negative control group showed severe epithelial deterioration, severe alveolar bone destruction, periodontal ligament fibers (PDL) disorganization, and a significant increase in TNF‑α. Both treated groups showed proper improvement where best results were reported with SRP in combination with PEG group in the form of significant differences in epithelial, alveolar bone formation, inflammatory cells population, PDL organization, new vascularization, as well as a significant decrease in TNF-α immune expression.
Conclusion: PEG could be successfully used as an adjunct to conventional periodontal based on the histologic and immunohistochemical findings in this study.