Abstract:
Background: Smoking has been identified as a major risk factor for periodontal diseases which results in its rapid progression. Periostin is a matricellular protein that is highly expressed in periodontal ligament and was found to be downregulated during periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on clinical parameters as well as GCF and salivary periostin level in smoker and non-smoker patients with stage II & III periodontitis.

Methods:
Sixty subjects participated and divided into 20 periodontally healthy participants three study groups: group I included 20 periodontally healthy participants, group II included 20 smoker patients with stage II-III periodontitis and group II included 20 non-smoker patients with stage II-III periodontitis. Both groups II and III received phase I periodontal therapy (subgingival scaling and root planing) . Clinical parameters (PI, GI, PD, CAL) were recorded and GCF and salivary samples were collected from both periodontitis groups at baseline and again 3 months after phase I therapy. Samples were then analyzed using ELISA for periostin levels.

Results: Non-surgical periodontal therapy resulted in significant improvement in clinical parameters and increase in GCF periostin level while reduction in salivary periostin level in both smokers and nonsmokers with more significant improvement in the non-smokers group.

Conclusion: In smoker periodontitis patients, periostin could act as a potential biomarker not only for disease progression activity, but also could be targeted for faster tissue repair and more attachment gain.